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}} · | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = County-level city | total_type = | motto = | image_skyline = 5773-Linxia-Wanshou-Guan-pagoda-and-city-view.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = A view of the city from the northern loess plateau escarpment | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_map = | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = China | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in China | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_region = CN-62 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Gansu | subdivision_type2 = Autonomous prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture | seat_type = | seat = | parts_type = | parts_style = | parts = | p1 = | p2 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = City Communist Party Secretary | leader_name = | leader_title1 = Mayor (also serving as Deputy Communist party Secretary) | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | founder = | named_for = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 88.6 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = 〔 | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 1960 | elevation_min_m = 1823 | population_as_of = ca. 2007 | population_footnotes = 〔(Linxia City info, on the web site of the prefectural government ) 〕 | population_note = | population_total = 250000 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coor_type = | latd = 35 | latm=36 | lats= | latNS=N | longd = 103 | longm=13 | longs= | longEW=E | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = | area_code = | website = (临夏市概况 ) ("Overview of Linxia City"), at the prefectural government site | footnotes = }} Linxia City (), once known as Hezhou (), is a county-level city in the province of Gansu of the People's Republic of China, and the capital of the multi-ethnic Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the valley of the Daxia River (a right tributary of the Huanghe), 150 km (by road) southwest of the provincial capital Lanzhou.〔(Linxia City brief info, on the web site of the prefectural government ) (The page itself is dated April 2008, but does not state the dates for which population estimates have been made)〕 The population of the entire county-level city of Linxia (which includes both the central city and some rural area) is estimated at 250,000; of which, 58.4% is classified as urban population. According to the prefectural government, 51.4% of Linxia City's population belongs to the "Hui nationality", i.e. the Chinese-speaking Muslims. Some members of Linxia Prefecture other minority ethnic groups, such as Dongxiang, Bonan, and Salar, live in the city.〔 For centuries, Hezhou/Linxia has been one of the main religious, cultural, and commercial centers of China's Muslim community, earning itself the nickname of "the little Mecca of China". 〔 (page number as in the PDF file)〕〔(Dru C. Gladney, "The Salafiyya Movement in Northwest China: Islamic Fundamentalism among the Muslim Chinese?" ) Originally published in "Muslim Diversity: Local Islam in Global Contexts". Leif Manger, Ed. Surrey: Curzon Press. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, No 26. Pp. 102-149.〕 〔(Jim Yardley, "Little Mecca" ) Photo essay originally published in the New York Times.〕〔(Jim Yardley, "A Spectator's Role for China's Muslims" ) Article originally published in the New York Times.〕 In the words of the ethnologist Dru Gladney, "Almost every major Islamic movement in China finds its origin among Muslims who came to Linxia disseminating new doctrines after pilgrimage to Middle Eastern Islamic centers".〔 It remains the main center of China's Qadiriyyah〔 (page no. as in the PDF file)〕 and Khufiyya Sufi orders; it was also the home of Ma Mingxin, the founder of the Jahriyya order, although that order's "center of gravity" has shifted elsewhere since. ==Geography== Administratively, Linxia City is an incorporated county-level city. Unlike many Chinese county-level cities, which include a county-size expanse of the countryside, the boundaries of Linxia City include only a fairly small area (88.6 km2), stretched along the Daxia River, which in this region flows towards the northeast. The wide fertile valley of the river is flanked by loess plateau escarpments on both sides, and the countryside beyond these limits, to the northwest and southeast of the valley, belongs to a separate administrative unit, called Linxia County. Linxia City borders on Linxia County in the southwest as well, but in the northeast it has a short border with Dongxiang Autonomous County.〔 The main urban area of Linxia City (i.e., the city proper) is located roughly in the center of the city's administrative boundaries, on the left (northwestern) bank of the Daxia River. Administratively, the County-level City of Linxia is divided into 10 township-level units: 6 ''jiedao'' within the main urban area, and four towns (formerly, townships) in the adjacent rural and semi-rural areas upstream and downstream of the central city and across the river from it.〔〔Gansu Road Atlas (中国分省公路丛书：甘肃省), published by 星球地图出版社 ''Xingqiu Ditu Chubanshe'', 2008, ISBN 978-7-80212-470-7. Linxia City and Linxia Prefecture maps on pp. 32-33. More details are available from Google Maps.〕 The central business district of Linxia City, corresponding to the former walled city of Hezhou, is located a couple of kilometers to the north of the Daxia River, and contains the city's more upscale shopping and entertainment precincts, as well as the prefectural government. The old city wall is gone, but its existence is remembered in many place names: Xi Guan Lu ("West Gate Street"), Chengjiao (() "Corner of the City Wall") Mosque, Nanmen Guangchang ("South Gate Square") with Nanguan ("South Gate") Mosque, Dongguan ("East Gate") neighborhood, Bei Chengjiao Gongbei ("The ''Gongbei'' at the Northern Corner of the City Wall", a.k.a. Yu Baba Gongbei). A small river, called Hongshui He, flows along what must have been the southern part of the city wall. The main street within this central area is Tuanjie Lu ("Unity Street"), running north-south.〔 The area between the former south gate (Nanguan) and to the Daxia River is primarily commercial, with vibrant markets taking up much of the street space on market days. Beyond Nanguan, Tuanjie Lu becomes Jiefang Lu ("Liberation St"), and, after reaching the river, it continues south as Provincial Highway 309. Many of the city's mosques and ''gongbei'' shrines are located in the historically Muslim district to the west and southwest of the city center. Hongyuan Square, with Hongyuan Park, the Prefecture Museum, and a sports complex are in this area as well.〔 The northeast of this city is mostly a modern multi-story residential area. Campuses of a number of educational institutions as well as the local garrison compound are located there. A major landmark of Linxia City is the Taoist temple, Wanshou Guan. Its pagoda is perched on top of the loess plateau bluff that forms the natural northern limit for the city expansion.〔 Great views of the city open from the bluff, and the pagoda can be seen from everywhere in the city as well. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Linxia City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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